Copyright Laws in India Essay - 3212 Words

Copyright Laws in India This document is intended to give a brief overview of the patent and copyrights laws in India and a brief analysis on global issues related to these laws. India has progressed enormously in the field of technology and is ranked tenth in the pool of scientific and technical personnel in the world. There may be hundreds of economical, legal, ethical issues that might have global impact but discussing all of them here is almost impossible. Only the key issues are focused in this paper. India is quickly growing as leading world software producer. It has occupied a secured place in information technology arena by producing high quality software products and software professionals. India also has a fairly well†¦show more content†¦The law relating to computer software has been clarified. Although software per se is not patentable, software configured to achieve a particular technical result may be. Previous practice was to grant patents only to software coupled with hardware. But, U.S. law does not restrict patent only to physical article or process to manufacture such physical article. It says that any software is patentable if it satisfies the conditions of novelty, unobvious ness and utility. Since patenting of software offers much better protection than copyright in software, many Indian technical professionals are considering the option of patenting their software in U.S. One may make an application for patent in U.S. either by making Provisional Patent Application (PPA) or Regular Patent Application (RPA). India is also a party to Patent Co-operation Treaty (PCT). Under PCT, an Indian resident can make an International Application (IA) for registering patent. The applicant has to submit an application in pre-scribed format to the National Patent Office of its country (Receiving Office) and designate the countries in which it desires to register the patent. Receiving Office would check the completeness of the IA as required under the PCT and accord International Filing Date (IFD) to IA. International Bureau together with the Receiving OfficesShow MoreRelatedHistory Of Copyright Law With Indian Context Essay878 Words   |  4 PagesHISTORY OF COPYRIGHT LAW WITH INDIAN CONTEXT: India has one of the oldest academic traditions with formal education finding a place in its ancient history. The universities of Takshila and Nalandaare great centers of learning in the early world, teaming with students and teachers from all parts of the world, not to say about the great Gurukul tradition in the age-old past. However, those are the days when learning was considered as gift of God, freely received and freely given. Over the centuriesRead More Software Patents, Copyright, and Piracy Issues in India Essay1561 Words   |  7 PagesSoftware Patents, Copyright, and Piracy Issues in India Introduction India has developed enormously in the field of science and technology. Information Technology has been one of the fastest growing sectors in the country and a major contributor to the economy. Indias economy has boomed over the past decade due to Governments initiates. With it vast pool of educated population and its leading presence in the Software arena India is fast becoming a knowledge hub. This paper gives an overviewRead MoreEssay about Piracy Of Copyright1097 Words   |  5 PagesPiracy Of Copyright Introduction: The world today has entered into an era of instant communication. A person sitting in the remotest corner of India can enjoy live performance taking place in the far away places like America or Africa, thanks to electronic (parallel) media. Telephone and fax have made it possible to communicate oral or written messages across the globe within seconds. The computer-aided communication technologies such as E-Mail and Internet have added altogether a new dimensionRead MoreFighting Copyright Infringement, Itunes And Importance Of A Novel Approach1051 Words   |  5 Pages This Project has been submitted by Mr. Adithya Ramchandran Iyer ID No: 211020 On Copyright Law Topic – ‘Fighting Copyright infringement, iTunes and importance of a novel approach’ During the Winter Semester 2014/15 Introduction This paper attempts to show how far digitalization of music, primarily ushered in by Apple inc’s iTunes Store has had tangible results and helped tackle copyright infringement and has been able to deal with music piracy in the United States of America. It exploresRead MoreEssay about Lowering Population In India And South Asia653 Words   |  3 PagesLowering Population in India and South Asia nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The problem of overpopulation exists nearly everywhere, and if it does not currently exist, it will in the near future. People are having several children, and that is greatly exceeding the death rate. This problem is especially apparent in South Asia, and it is causing several problems such as famine, epidemic, overcrowding, etc. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The country of India is in dire need of aid inRead MoreBriefly Compare the Political Regime Type in China and India. Which of the Two Would You Prefer to Do Business in and Why?1478 Words   |  6 Pagespolitical regime type in China and India. Which of the two would you prefer to do business in and why? India and China are two republics that have experienced very opposing political regimes throughout history. China has been fundamentally stable country with a lack of a distinct authority figure (Desai, 2003). Being a single party state China has been controlled by the Chinese Communist Party since the 5th National Congress held in 1927 (Wang, 2013). Correspondingly India, have always been a federalRead MoreIntellectual Property in India909 Words   |  4 PagesIntrà ¶ductià ¶n It was never the à ¶bject à ¶f patent laws tà ¶ grant a mà ¶nà ¶pà ¶ly fà ¶r every trifling device, every shadà ¶w à ¶f a shade à ¶f an idea, which wà ¶uld naturally and spà ¶ntaneà ¶usly à ¶ccur tà ¶ any skilled mechanic à ¶r à ¶peratà ¶r in the à ¶rdinary prà ¶gress à ¶f manufactures. Such an indiscriminate creatià ¶n à ¶f exclusive privileges tends rather tà ¶ à ¶bstruct than tà ¶ stimulate inventià ¶n. It creates a class à ¶f speculative schemers whà ¶ make it their business tà ¶ watch the advancing wave à ¶f imprà ¶vement, and gather its fà ¶amRead MoreWhat Are The Key Aspects Of Positive Protection Of TK By IP Rights?705 Words   |  3 PagesIndian Copyright Law Indian Copyright Law, as such do not provide for protection of expression of folklore or protection of traditional knowledge of indigenous people, however an inference can be drawn from Section 31A2 of the Indian Copyright law, which protects the unpublished Indian work. The Question that arises is if granted, whether copyright law would be sufficient for the protection of traditional knowledge? Some of the major drawbacks in protecting traditional knowledge with copyright are asRead MorePestel Analysis : Macro Environmental Factors Affecting The Clothing Industry1374 Words   |  6 Pagesorganisation. The Indian Government has exempted fashion designers from income tax on the basis of them being categorised as artists (an order passed by Bombay High Court). So this proves to be an opportunity for Ritu Kumar to expand her Brand in India and as well as abroad. The Goods and Services Tax (GST), which aimed to enforce a uniform tax regime, is yet to come into force. At present, the taxes charged by different states vary from one another, and so a national retailer needs to understandRead MoreThe All Tech Tricks Web Site1399 Words   |  6 PagesAGREEMENT PERIODICALLY TO BE AWARE OF SUCH MODIFICATIONS AND YOUR CONTINUED ACCESS OR USE OF THE SITE SHALL BE DEEMED YOUR CONCLUSIVE ACCEPTANCE OF THE MODIFIED AGREEMENT. 1. Copyright, Licenses and Idea Submissions The entire contents of the Site are protected by international copyright and trademark laws. The owner of the copyrights and trademarks are All Tech Tricks, its affiliates or other third party licencors. YOU MAY NOT MODIFY, COPY, REPRODUCE, REPUBLISH, UPLOAD, POST, TRANSMIT, OR DISTRIBUTE

The Russian Revolution and the Orange Revolution - 738 Words

One example of a violent overthrow of government is the Russian Revolution of 1917. The Russian people were dissatisfied with the authoritarian rule of the Tsar and years of the majority living in poverty, with few resources. These problems were multiplied with Russia’s participation in World War I which strained resources further and removed skilled works from factories to fight. These workers were replaced them with peasant farmers, leaving fewer rural laborers. Peasant farmers had long felt that they should be allowed to own the land they worked, another point of contention. The war soon became extremely unpopular and long lines for bread became normal. The Tsar seemingly unaware of his country’s massive discontent, though warned by advisors, was finally forced to abdicate after the uprising known as the February Revolution (Wood, 1993). This was followed by an interim period where the country was ruled by a provisional government, as well as the â€Å"Soviet† a group that had the support of the workers and soldiers and the ability to mobilize them if needed. This system failed to meet the goals of the initial revolution: withdrawal from WW1, increased food supplies and property ownership for working class citizens. This fact was then capitalized on by the Bolsheviks who took as their slogan â€Å"Peace, Bread, Land† before coordinating the October Revolution which would again overthrow the government and give the Bolsheviks control (Delaine, n.d.). This second revolution didShow MoreRelatedPutin and Orange Revolution Essays802 Words   |  4 PagesPutin and Orange Revolution 24 September 2011 was a significant day when Vladimir Putin announced that he would run again for president. That was the first open and clear statement that there is no hesitation and he is the next Russian president. It became clear for many Russians that their opinion was disregarded, that nothing actually depended on their votes and nothing would change. The following government election and protest actions have drawn attention of the whole world including commonRead MoreGKE task 31952 Words   |  8 Pages). Retrieved July 9, 2013 from http://exploringafrica.matrix.msu.edu/students/curriculum/m7b/activity2.ph B. Russian Revolution of 1917 The events of the Russian Revolution made dramatic changes in the world’s history but it is still not clear if the First World War caused the Russian Revolution in 1917; it is obvious that domestic situations were reaching the crisis point before August 1914; state and society were tilting toward dramatic confrontationRead MoreCommunism And The Soviet Union1681 Words   |  7 Pagescountries. Decades of oppressive Soviet rule and deep-rooted communist parties made ties to the Soviet Union especially hard to cut. Ukraine, in particular, struggled mightily to break away from the Russian communists, and that struggle is still continuing today. In the form of a corrupt government and pro-Russian supporters in South and Eastern Ukraine, roadblocks were created on the Ukrainian road to democracy that they are still trying to maneuver. In analyzing the challenges posed to Ukraine in theirRead MoreEssay about The Rise of Colonies and the Causes of Revolutions1054 Words   |  5 PagesThe Rise of Colonies and the Causes of Revolutions Imperialism is known as taking over the political and military aspects of a territory and colonialism is the movement of a large amount of people from their home area to the newly seized region. Imperialism usually occurs first over an area and then comes the colonialism period of the newly apprehended territory (Soomo, 2013a). Discussion Discovery of North America occurred in 1492 by Christopher Columbus. There were already millions of NativeRead MoreChapter 21: Reaction, Revolution and Romanticism 1815-1850845 Words   |  4 PagesChapter 21: Reaction, Revolution, and Romanticism 1815-1850 The Conservative Order (1815-1830) I. The immediate response to the defeat of Napoleon was the desire to contain revolution and the revolutionary forces by restoring much of the old order. The Peace Settlement I. In March 1814,b/f Napoleon had been defeated, his 4 major enemies—Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia—had agreed to remain united, not only to defeat France but also to ensue peace after the war. A. AfterRead MoreThe Crisis Of Russia And Ukraine1343 Words   |  6 Pages(News, 2013). This event brought about the orange revolution in Ukraine calling for the resignation of President Yanukovych. â€Å"EU leaders said in a statement that they strongly disapproved of Moscow s pressure on Ukraine not to sign - while Russian President Vladimir Putin accused the EU of blackmail†; the EU members also stated that the doors were open for Ukraine (News, 2013). A year later, November 2014 Ukraine finds itself in armed battle with pro-Russian separatists. These separatist then electRead MoreUkraine And The Russian Empire2255 Words   |  10 Pagesthe agreement, it gave the interpretation to Moscow that it was an suggestion to take over Kiev, as a result absorbing into the Russian Empire.   Ã‚  Ã‚   In the 19th century, the region was rather largely agricultural, with few cities centralized for learning and trade. The region was under the predominance of the Austro-Hungarian Empire on the far end of the west and the Russian Empire abroad. With a lack of self-sufficiency, many Ukrainian scholars and inspired writers were emboldened by Europe’s cultivationRead MoreUkraine After The Soviet Union1818 Words   |  8 Pagesthe protests broke out Ukraine has seen an ongoing conflict in the east of the country. In order to illustrate a clearer understanding of the current situation in Ukrainian I will first discuss a brief history of Ukraine and its relationship with Russian since the fall of the Soviet Union. Although it was not a producer of these modern essential commodities such as gas and oil, it is easy to see how Ukraine, after gaining its independence on December first of 1991, was the second strongest republicRead MoreUkraine-Russia Conflict: Dispute Settlement over Crimea2250 Words   |  9 Pagesmove on to the consequences and solutions that might be taken to end the conflict in Crimea. BACKGROUND HISTORY ON RUSSIA-UKRAINE RELATIONSHIP Ukraine gained independence on 25th December 1991 from the Soviet Union specifically from the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic authorities based on the Ukraine’s Declaration of Independence referendum on 1st December 1991 (Kubicek, 2008:137). This referendum referring to the Ukrainian voting for their first Ukraine’s president also independenceRead MoreWhat Is The Political Development Of Russia1226 Words   |  5 PagesThere are two groups emerging in the successor states from russia politically. There are countries that are trying to move away from russian influence, while others are being put back into russian sphere of influence. Russia uses it power over these countries because they rely on energy from Russia. For example, Ukraine and Georgia are two countries who dont want russian interference and their political leaders use this to run for president. However, countries in the â€Å"stans† are closely allied with

Annoted Bibliography Outline

Question: Discuss that outline of annotated bibliography is a synthesized paper? Answer: Introduction Thesis Statement The outline of annotated bibliography is a synthesized paper that will be made in order to express the details of the three articles. The information from the three articles was used as resources for construction of the outline (Lilienfeld et al., 2012). The information that will be included in the paper is the identification of the common themes of the three articles and the construction of a conclusion statement which is common to all the three articles (Odom, Boyd Williams, 2012). The three articles are viewed as a single entity. The three articles have tried to identify the personality traits of leaders (Bezdjian, Tuvblad, Raine Baker, 2011). Discussion 1. The first article " Fearless dominance and the U.S. presidency: Implications of psychopathic personality traits for successful and unsuccessful political leadership. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology." a.) The first article has tried to identify the psychopathic personality traits. i. The major personality types that bear key influence on the political leadership are considered as the successful traits. The traits include interpersonal dominance, venturesomeness and persuasiveness. These traits help the leaders to acquire the political power that results in successful leadership (Edens, Buffington Tomicic, 2000). ii. The article has identified the disorders that differentiate leaders from the psychopaths. For this purpose, factor analysis of PPI (Psychopathic Personality inventory) has been conducted in a community that reflects the higher order dimensions of fearless dominance and impulsive ant sociality. The personality traits that affect the performance at job and leadership have been examined with a sample that comprises of individuals with unsuccessful behaviors and successful behaviors. 121 recruited experts were studied for this study and a 596 items questionnaire was completed to study the personality. The article discussed the NEO revised inventory personality and its relation to the psychopathic traits (Lilienfeld et al., 2012). 2. The second article - "Leadership styles and associated personality traits: Support for the conceptualisation of transactional and transformational leadership. South African Journal of Psychology." a.) The article provides a description of the various styles of leadership which includes transactional style of leadership, transformational style of leadership and the laissez faire style of leadership. The transformational leaders possess a charismatic personality that influences and stimulates the followers. Transactional leaders tend to involve a social change process and the followers are a part of the entire process. They receive rewards or punishments on the basis of the commitment. A passive leader lacks leadership and the style is followed for self management (Bezdjian, Tuvblad, Raine Baker, 2011). b.) The association of the behavioral styles with the type of leadership has been found. An intervention has been conducted to analyze the impact of management style on the performance of the team and the organization. The results from the assessment have been analyzed. It has identified the differences in the personality traits of managers in various segments of the business (van Eeden, Cilliers van Deventer, 2008). 3.) Article 3 - "Impact of Personal Growth Projects on Leadership Identity Development. Journal of Leadership Education." a.) The article has identified the impact of leadership program on the personal growth of an individual. The various programs on leadership tend to imbibe positive growth on the personality. The PGP programs increases the self awareness, self confidence and the interpersonal efficiency. b.) The various instructional strategies tend to develop the self awareness, interpersonal efficiency, self confidence and motivation among the students. The best strategy that results in greatest advantage to the development of identity of the individual has been stated. The training of leadership that will offer better results has been stated (Odom, Boyd Williams, 2012). The main theme of the three articles is to identify the personality traits that govern the leadership type. The personality traits that are related to the leadership type have been identified. The first article has emphasized on identification of the type of personality that plays a major role in the development of political leadership (Schmid, 2006). The three articles have tried to identify the major influences on the leadership styles. The three articles are based share the common information which is based on the identification of the major influences on the style of leadership. The articles have described the personality traits that are responsible for the diverse range of leadership. In this respect the personality traits of the transformational leaders and the transactional leaders has been stated. The social ethics that influence the development of the behavioral traits has been identified. The personality traits of passive leadership style have also been identified. The psyc hopathic personality trait that differentiates one leader from the other has been identified. The various dimensions that affect the personality trait have been identified via factor analysis. The behavioral traits related to psychopaths have identified the unsuccessful actions. Psychopathy has also tried to identify the traits that results in behavior that are socially successful. The three articles have identified common traits that are seen among the leaders. They are interpersonal dominance, venturesomeness, persuasiveness that results in the acquisition of political power which is necessary to become a successful leader (Schmid, 2006). The common themes of the three articles are the major personality trait that develops the leadership style. The variances in the style of leadership are a result of the influence of the training programs on the students. The successful and the unsuccessful traits results in the development of the type of leadership. The variances in the personality and behavioral traits results in the development of transactional leaders, transformational leaders and passive leaders (Moors, 2012) . Conclusion The paper includes an analysis of the various factors that leads to the development of leadership style. The purpose of the study is to synthesize a common theme behind the proposition of the articles. The main proposition of the articles has been validated with study of the personality traits of specific group. Author has also used to intervention to validate the proposition in the study. The major area of concern of the author is to identify the unsuccessful actions and successful actions that results in the development of the leadership style. From the three articles it can be said that the personality development programs plays a major role in the development of leadership traits. The style of leadership is identified by a combination of successful actions and unsuccessful actions. References Bezdjian, S., Tuvblad, C., Raine, A., Baker, L. (2011). The Genetic and Environmental Covariation Among Psychopathic Personality Traits, and Reactive and Proactive Aggression in Childhood.Child Development,82(4), 1267-1281. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01598.x Edens, J., Buffington, J., Tomicic, T. (2000). An Investigation of the Relationship between Psychopathic Traits and Malingering on the Psychopathic Personality Inventory.Assessment,7(3), 281-296. doi:10.1177/107319110000700307 Lilienfeld, S., Waldman, I., Landfield, K., Watts, A., Rubenzer, S., Faschingbauer, T. (2012). Fearless dominance and the U.S. presidency: Implications of psychopathic personality traits for successful and unsuccessful political leadership.Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology,103(3), 489-505. doi:10.1037/a0029392 Moors, G. (2012). The effect of response style bias on the measurement of transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership.European Journal Of Work And Organizational Psychology,21(2), 271-298. doi:10.1080/1359432x.2010.550680 Odom, S., Boyd, B., Williams, J. (2012). Impact of Personal Growth Projects on Leadership Identity Development.Journal Of Leadership Education,11(1), 49-63. doi:10.12806/v11/i1/rf3 Othman, J., Mohammed, K., DSilva, J. (2012). Does a Transformational and Transactional Leadership Style Predict Organizational Commitment among Public University Lecturers in Nigeria?.Asian Social Science,9(1). doi:10.5539/ass.v9n1p165 Schmid, H. (2006). Leadership styles and leadership change in human and community service organizations.Nonprofit Management Leadership,17(2), 179-194. doi:10.1002/nml.142 van Eeden, R., Cilliers, F., van Deventer, V. (2008). Leadership Styles and Associated Personality Traits: Support for the Conceptualisation of Transactional and Transformational Leadership.South African Journal Of Psychology,38(2), 253-267. doi:10.1177/008124630803800201

Teaching and Testing the English Vocabulary

ESL is the acronym for English as the Second Language. It is usually a program that helps foreigners in English speaking countries to learn the language in a systematic way.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Teaching and Testing the English Vocabulary specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The students are typically learning the basics of the language so that they can have confidence in their accomplishments career wise. They also learn some cultural attributes of the country so that they acquaint themselves with the basic information (Garcà ­a Mayo and Garcia Lecumberri, 2003). Speaking a second or foreign language is usually a daunting task, but it makes one appreciate other people’s style. There are primary schools that have such programs to enable the non-citizens to get used to the English language and be able to adapt quickly to the new system. Other countries that do not speak English can also h ave an arrangement to aid citizens who wish to learn the language in preparation for international engagements (Mohan, Leung and Davison, 2001). Students would have to learn the English alphabet and some nouns. Vowels are also important because they help form a word and or a sentence. They have to learn how to pronounce letters, words and read short sentences as beginners. Some assignments would also help them to test their memory. The teacher can also be asking each student to read some words and phrases loudly in class as others listen. The students would also need visual charts on the walls of the classroom. The charts would support the students’ learning skills. When the students enter their classrooms they can have some visual reminders (Copper, 2002). The teacher in charge would have to keep up with the recap of previous lessons.Advertising Looking for critical writing on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The English grammar has idioms, vocabulary, phrasal verbs, adjectives, and among other complex tools that make the language and or the subject very attractive. It is also one of the widest spoken languages in the world (Shastri, 2010). Teaching vocabularies is also one very difficult but exciting task. One needs to prepare some vocabulary words at a time. It may not be easy for the young minds to grasp many things at once. The teacher can introduce the words one by one in each class session (Hugo, 2009). There are normally classes for beginners, intermediate, and advanced level students. The more the student advances from one level to the next the more difficult the words that the teacher introduces. Learners appreciate gradual development of the language aids because it helps in their improvement of the language. Some learning institutions have installed modern technology in their primary level classrooms. One may find computers, laptops and accessibility to the internet. Students in such institutions could even have online teaching aids. They can quickly log in and recap on what they have learned in class or even advance ahead of the class by learning more helpful tips to the language knowledge (BavaHarji, Letchumanan and Bhar, 2014). The class assignments would help the teacher know how well the students understand their lessons. The tutor can prepare those assignments after every lesson, weekly and monthly. The teacher can also give homework for the students to have some busy learning time at home (Abbasnasab Sardareh and Rashid Mohd Saad, 2013). At the end of every term, the teacher and the learning institution can also arrange to have end term exams. The results of the marking of those exams can help make a judgment on the learning experiences of the students. The teacher can then know what to revise and begin with for the next term.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Teaching and Testing the English Vocabulary specificall y for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is not an easy task for teachers. It requires patience, commitment, and sacrifice. But after the classes are over, the effort brings out positive results. The students have to know how to communicate using the English vocabulary. References Abbasnasab Sardareh, S. and Rashid Mohd Saad, M. (2013). Malaysian Primary  School ESL Teachers’ Questions during Assessment for Learning. English Language Teaching, 6(8). BavaHarji, M., Letchumanan, K. and Bhar, S. (2014). Feasibility of Building Bridges  Between School and Homes in Developing ESL Literacy: The SPIRE Project. English Language Teaching, 7(9). Copper, L. (2002). Cross-cultural preference of visual information in primary school ESL  children. Proc. Am. Soc. Info. Sci. Tech., 39(1), pp.359-364. Garcà ­a Mayo, M. and Garcia Lecumberri, M. (2003). Age and the acquisition of English  as a foreign language. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. Hugo, A. (2009). Primary school teachers’ opinions of their ESL learners’ language  abilities. J. Lang. Teach., 42(2). Mohan, B., Leung, C. and Davison, C. (2001). English as a second language in the  mainstream. Harlow, England: Longman.Advertising Looking for critical writing on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Shastri, P. (2010). Communicative approach to the teaching of English as a second  language. Mumbai: Himalaya Pub. House. This critical writing on Teaching and Testing the English Vocabulary was written and submitted by user Duncan Mccall to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Cloud Ingredients and Formation

Cloud Ingredients and Formation We all know what clouds are- visible collections of tiny water droplets (or ice crystals if its cold enough) that live high in the atmosphere above the Earths surface. But do you know how a cloud forms? In able for a cloud to form, several ingredients must be in place: watercooling air temperaturea surface to form on (nuclei) Once these ingredients are in place, they follow this process to form a cloud: Step 1: Change Water Vapor into Liquid Water Although we cant see it, the first ingredient water is always present in the atmosphere as  water vapor (a gas). But in order to grow a cloud, we need to get the water vapor from a gas to its liquid form. Clouds begin to form when a parcel of air rises from the surface up into the atmosphere. (Air does this in a number of ways, including being lifted up mountainsides, lifted up weather fronts, and being pushed together by converging air masses.) As the parcel ascends, it passes through lower and lower pressure levels (since pressure decreases with height). Recall that air tends to move from higher to lower pressure areas, so as the parcel travels into lower pressure areas, the air inside of it pushes outward, causing it to expand. It takes heat energy for this expansion to take place, and so the air parcel cools a bit. The further upward the air parcel travels, the more it cools. Cool air cant hold as much water vapor as warm air, so when its temperature cools down to the dew point temperature, the water vapor inside of the parcel becomes saturated (its relative humidity equals 100%) and ​condenses into droplets of liquid water. But by themselves, water molecules are too small to stick together and form cloud droplets. They need a larger, flatter surface on which they can collect. Step 2: Give Water Something to Sit on (Nuclei) In able for water droplets to form cloud droplets,  they must have something- some surface- to condense  on. Those somethings are tiny particles known as aerosols or  condensation nuclei. Just like the nucleus is the core or center of a cell in biology, cloud nuclei, are the centers of cloud droplets, and it is from this that they take their name. (Thats right, every cloud has a speck of dirt, dust, or salt at its center!) Cloud nuclei are solid particles like dust, pollen, dirt, smoke (from  forest fires, car exhaust, volcanoes, and coal-burning furnaces, etc.), and sea salt (from breaking ocean waves)  that are suspended in the air thanks to Mother Nature and us humans who put them there. Other particles in the atmosphere, including bacteria, can also play a role in serving as condensation nuclei. While we usually think of them as pollutants, they serve a key role in growing clouds because theyre hygroscopic- they attract water molecules. Step 3: A Cloud is Born! It is at this point- when water vapor condenses and settles onto condensation nuclei- that clouds form and become visible. (Thats right, every cloud has a speck of dirt, dust, or salt at its center!) Newly formed clouds will often have crisp, well-defined edges. The type of cloud and altitude (low, middle, or high) it forms at is determined by the level where an air parcel becomes saturated. This level changes based on things like temperature, dew point temperature, and how fast or slow the parcel cools with increasing elevation, known as lapse rate. What Makes Clouds Dissipate? If clouds form when water vapor cools and condenses, it only makes sense that they dissipate when the opposite happens- that is, when the air warms and evaporates. How does this happen? Because the atmosphere is always in motion, drier air follows behind the rising air so that both condensation and evaporation continually occur. When theres more evaporation taking place than condensation, the cloud will return once again become invisible moisture. Now that you know how clouds form in the atmosphere, learn to simulate cloud formation by making a cloud in a bottle. Edited by Tiffany Means

How Not to Be an Outcast in College

How Not to Be an Outcast in College Being an outcast, or socially inept in college is rather costly. It translates into a less productive and memorable college experience. Whatever, but if that’s something you would rather learn to avoid, then this article is for you. Though it’s a subjective topic, here’s a step by step breakdown of your typical anti-outcast college strategy. 1. Work on You First The only thing that separates you from anything, any goal or objective, is you. Within reason of course. But there are no real walls between you and a robust social life in college. The only thing in your way is your unique â€Å"narrative† that you define yourself with. Change that first. Work on you first. If your attitude is horrible, nothing else you do will help all that much anyway. 2. Read Some Dale Carnegie If you’re a college student today, chances are good ol’ Dale is a bit before your time. Whether you buy it as an eBook or paperback, read this: How to Win Friends and Influence People. If this were the only book you ever read for personal gain, it’s the perfect choice. Odds are just like the countless millions before you, you’ll not only read it again, but take notes and memorize his simple concepts as well. If readin Dale Carnegie is too much for you at the moment, at least read our article on how to deal with having no friends in college. 3. Be the Good Servant At all times be looking for ways to be of service to people without causing them to lose face in any way, or put yourself in a position where you end up getting taken advantage of. When you do get the chance to be of service, go above and beyond 100% of the time. Both Dale Carnegie and Napoleon Hill are big fans of the parable (New Testament). Seriously: If you develop this practice into a habit and stick to it, you will undoubtedly live a prosperous life and make many friends throughout your life. Though many people think that making friends after college is a struggle it is not really so. No matter what it is, go above and beyond without asking for extra pay or recognition. 4. Grow Up â€Å"Grow up† could mean all kinds of things. In this context, we’re referring to how you choose to project yourself to other people via your outward appearance. It doesn’t mean caving in completely, or totally selling out. It just means telling the world around you that you respect yourself. By all means sport some personality in your style, but make sure it’s clean. If you don’t take yourself seriously, hardly anyone else will. 5. Say These Two Things All the Time Let’s be clear, these are affirmations and there’s absolutely no question that they work miracles. Successful and worldly well-connected people use them every day of their lives. However, when you say these two things to yourself on a consistent basis (10 times a day in the beginning) embody them. Get into it! Make it real! Every day I meet the perfect people for me. No matter what I choose to do or say, the right people see and hear me. 6. Remember This Statement Check this out, and no, we haven’t the slightest clue who the quote originates from: â€Å"I am not what I think I am, and I am not what they think I am. I am what I think that they think I am.† Once the depth of that statement hits you and you really get it, you’ll never be the same. What you think people think about you (if they think about you at all) is almost complete rubbish. Yet, how much of what we say, do and think every day is influenced by this self-imposed illusion? Get it straight because this is reality: people really care about just one thing (themselves) no matter how you slice it. Regardless of how noble or righteous, at the end of the day all we really experience in this life is ourselves and no one else. 7. Play to Your Strengths In light of the last statement, you should obviously play to your own unique traits (strengths). You’re the only thing that sets you apart from everyone else, so express you and be unafraid. If it’s respect you want, this is the most direct route. When you play to your strengths and stand as yourself, unafraid before the insecure eyes of your peers, they will not only be drawn to you but regard you as a â€Å"really cool person† in that neutral sense that appeals to everyone. 8. Understand the 6 Human Needs The more you know about what every human being needs, the more equipped you are to use this knowledge to your benefit (and theirs). Comfort Uncertainty/Variety Love Growth Contribution Love/Connection As you can see, 99% of what it takes to avoid being an outcast in college is psychological in nature. And no, that doesn’t mean we think you should be a psych-major. What do you think, did we nail it? Tell us in the comments!

Critical analysis Journal opinion article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critical analysis Journal opinion article - Essay Example The economies will be fully employed, allowing them to attain their potential in offering jobs and raise the income of their inhabitants. These will play a key role in helping generate high growth levels in cities, contributing to overall advancement of the entire economy (Sparshott). The latest outlooks evident in the case of American cities are optimistic, although some urban areas as well as their suburbs have populations representing about 86 percent of the regions’ population, while 88 percent are employed in nonfarm sectors. Even though more than half of the cities have attained record levels of employment, about one-third are anticipated to fail reaching this level when 2016 ends. Moreover, approximately 130 metropolitan areas are anticipated to penetrate the market in 2017, although they will be supporting few jobs unlike the case of the past decades. The areas that are recovering at the slowest rates are the older Midwestern regions, which were negatively influenced when the region lost a large number of jobs offered by the manufacturing sector. The deteriorating infrastructure and aging population will also play a role in preventing these areas from recovering, making them rank behind the top-advancing cities in the U.S. (Sparshott). In a different perspective, the boom witnessed in the oil sector, which played a key role in allowing certain cities in the U.S. boost their performance, is currently reversing progress. For instance, Midland, Texas portrayed fastest growth in 2014, but this is not the case presently. However, in 2015, the employment and economy of the metropolitan are anticipated to slow down and contract at the start of 2016. Overall, however, the cities in the U.S. are playing a key role in driving the growth of the economy, thus paving the way towards the recovery process. Moreover, even though some

Essay qustions Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Qustions - Essay Example The health system is a formal and orderly process made to function through the expertise and corresponding functions of health professionals involved in the care of patients. 3. HIV prevention mainly relates to health education. There is no other way to prevent HIV than by the education of the people about the disease, its causes, mode of transmission, and means of prevention. HIV prevention involves the active process of informing other people – children, adolescents, and adults – about the disease and how they can avoid getting it and how they can prevent its spread. This process can entail involving oneself in lectures in schools and health centers; making posters, pamphlets, and other educational materials on HIV and posting or making such materials available in schools, clinics, health centers, town halls, pharmacies, and other public institutions. 4. Informatics health is the process of digitizing the health system or process. It is about bringing health care services and the system online and accessible to the public. Informatics health is about using computers in data entry in hospitals and other health care institutions. It is about using such data to make a more dynamic and technologically updated process in health care delivery. My motivation in life and in enrolling in this course is my need to prove that learning can occur and can still happen at any age or stage of one’s life. I also want to learn more and to learn as much as I can about the practice and about the innovations available in the practice. Learning is a powerful motivator for me because it is a very engaging and invigorating process for me. I managed to attain a Bachelor Degree in Laboratory Medicine in the year 2005-2006 and I followed that with a year of internship in a hospital. Such internship enabled me to acquire practical experience. It taught me numerous skills – skills that I was not able to gain in my classes. In order to enhance my

The Most Disturbing Place I Have Ever Been to Essay Example for Free

The Most Disturbing Place I Have Ever Been to Essay Going to jail was no fun. It started off with a police officer placing me in handcuffs. The handcuffs were so tight that my hands went numb. Then I took a long ride in the back of a police car. I had to lean to the side so that I could ease the pressure of the handcuffs on my wrists. Next I arrived at the inmate-processing center. From the moment the door closed behind me, I was treated like inventory. I was photographed. I was fingerprinted. My money and car keys were taken. I was assigned a number so that I could be tracked and identified. I was placed in a cold cell made of concrete. I sat and waited for hours. I didn’t know what was going to happen next. I lost track of time because there were no clocks on the wall. I couldn’t tell if it was day or night. Jail is the most disturbing place I have ever been to. Then my name was called. An officer ordered me to line up against a wall along with eight other inmates. This became one of the worst times in my life. I was strip-searched. A group of officers ordered all inmates on the wall to get completely naked. One officer approached me and searched my clothes and shoes. Then he looked in my mouth and ears. He made me lift my private parts so that he could see down there. He ordered me to turn around and bend over. He took a quick look at my anal area. It seemed like minutes to me. I was totally embarrassed. Next I had to go through the rest of the inmate processing procedure. I was taken to a medical room to talk to a nurse and inform her of any problems I had. Then I was moved to a room where I could be classified according to my charge. Next I had to go to the shower room to clean up. I was only allowed a two minute shower. My clothes, including underwear, were taken. My underwear had color in them. I was not allowed to have colored underwear or colored socks. I was given a jail uniform that was too small. Then I was given one bologna and cheese sandwich. The guards didn’t care. Finally I was assigned to a permanent floor and tank. The tank held about twenty-five inmates. There was no privacy. It was overcrowded. Some inmates had to sleep on the floor, including me. There was one pay phone. Inmates argued over phone time. There were three toilets sitting out in the open. If I had to use the restroom, I had to use it in front of the other inmates. There was only one television. The guards controlled what I watched on television and when I watched it. I didnt get to make any decisions at all. Absolutely everything was decided for me. The guards told me when to get up, when to eat, when to exercise, when to shower, and when to sleep. I was in jail for three days. Jail is still the most disturbing place I have ever been to.

Descartes Vs. Pascal Essay -- essays research papers

Descartes vs. Pascal   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For centuries, human beings have been debating over the validity of the use of reason. This is a very, very difficult subject to discuss, as one is forced to study something which is at that moment being used in their study. Two classic thinkers who contrasted on their view of reason were Descartes and Pascal. Though both saw reason as the primary source of knowledge, they disagreed over the competence of human reason. Descartes, the skeptic, said that we could use reason to find certain truth if we used it correctly, while Pascal said that we can't know certain truth, but reason is the best source of knowledge that we have. Descartes:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Reason is the tool by which we know everything that we know. But most people make the mistake of basing their reasoning on assumptions which are not known with 100% certainty. As I've said, â€Å"I am greatly astonished when I consider [the great feebleness of mind] and its proneness to fall [insensibly] into error† (K&B, p. 409). But it is possible to avoid falling into error if we use the valuable tool of reason correctly. In order to do this and find certainty, we must find something that we cannot doubt. This is impossible, as we can logically doubt anything. A certain truth must be something that is not logically possible to be false.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We must doubt, as that is the only way to find certain truth. It is the only way to wipe the slate clean of all of the uncertain assumptions which are believed and taught in the universities today. Just as mathematics will lead to uncertain assumptions if it is not built on certain truths, so will all use of reason lead to uncertain assumptions if it is not built on certain truths. There is a way to use doubt, though, to find certainty. If 100% certainty equals 0% doubt and we are certain that we can doubt everything, then we can use doubt as our certainty. We cannot doubt that we are doubting.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With our one certainty, we can now methodically use reason to find more certainties. For example, we can use the certainty â€Å"I am doubting† to find out that â€Å"I exist.† If I am doubting, than there must be an â€Å"I† who is doubting, which means that I must be. Like I've often said, â€Å"I think, therefore I am.† We can continue building on our certainties using rationa... ...e knowledge. Watson:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I agree with Pascal on his view of the capabilities of reason. We are feeble, misled creatures in the midst of a reality which we cannot know. Descartes was correct in his attempt to use mathematical logic to get rid of uncertain assumptions and find truth, but he needs to realize that most truth is beyond our reach. We, as thinking humans, do have the remarkable ability to study ourselves. Yet we have limitations in this study and cannot expect to be able to get a complete grasp of ourselves. Pascal was right on when he said that there are no complete skeptics. There are many things which we must accept, using reason, that we cannot prove with certainty.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I don't lean quite as far in Pascal's direction on his view of intuitionism. I believe that there is intuitive knowledge which we know with our heart. But this knowledge is only believed correctly when it is rationally processed. As with almost everything, we must find a balance between the use of reason and intuition. We err on the side of believing unreasonably if we use too much intuition, we become too skeptical if we ignore intuitive knowledge.

Descartes Meditation Essay

1. If Descartes’s aim is to find certainty, why does he proceed by doubting as many things as he can? He feels that as long as he goes on believing his old beliefs, laziness and habit will block him from receiving any truths. He feels that if he regards his beliefs in the same way as he does any falsehoods he can remain unbiased when judging information and only then will he receive real truths. 2. What reason does he give for doubting that the senses give knowledge? That a man asleep can have a realistic dream that he is having the same experiences as a man that’s awake. 3. What does the experience of â€Å"dreams† show us concerning the senses? He talks about how real dreams appear even though they are proven to be deceiving. And if one can be deceived in a dream by all of their senses can they not also be deceived in reality by some supernatural demon. He says hypothetically that God may not have created earth, shapes, etc. and everything that we sense could be a form of deception. 4. Why can he doubt even that 2=3 = 5. He talks about the fact that he sometimes doubt others who claim to have the most perfect knowledge. And if that can be the case for them can’t it also be possible for him to be wrong about â€Å"obvious† truths. Also, if one may feel that if God’s goodness would stop him from being deceived SOME of the time, wouldn’t it stop him from being deceived ALL of the time since he is clearly deceived some of the time. Basically he is acknowledging the fact that he could be wrong.

Leading Through Self Awareness Education Essay

IntroductionHow do great leaders become cognizant of their organisations, themselves and others? All when turning up we were under a attention of person at a certain topographic point, this began a relationship of cognizing person and cognizing environment before cognizing ourselves. This lead to a state of affairs of cognizing other people as told who they are and cognizing things as told what they are. More over it makes us to cognize ourselves as told who we are and how should we be. It is in the establishments, schools and tribunals of these formative old ages where we are instituted, educated, prosecuted and judged of what we can be in the universe. This appears to hold been created by a stereotype of what and how the human species must be from a infinite coevalss before us. In this papers an reply to interrupt from this stereotypic barrier is sought through admiting my apprehension of ego and others related to larning penchants. It will be in the same context of looking into my function of how the construct can be applied in my section.Section AHow do I larn?First and far most I am really matter-of-fact person who believes in the attack of making first at and understand it subsequently. I get bored in following rhetoric manuals, theories and research methodological analysiss. All what I take involvement in is to cognize what must be done, how it is done and what application is needed to acquire it done. At work I ever teach my squad to be custodies on and larn to understand by making things themselvesFocus on attendingI ever focus my attending on the state of affairs I am confronting and seek to understand myself and my function in the state of affairs. I tend to look for different sort assortment and wide of involvement before I settle down to work through something. It seems easy for me to acquire a solution when I talk and walkthrough a job ; I portion it with people and state them what I think of the job . I find it easy for me to suit in a subject even if it is discussed by people I am run intoing for the first clip and in most instances I would set in my sentiment even before I introduce myself. I a really much opinionated single and ever present my statements really energetically. I have found that the fond of showing thoughts appeal to much battle as in most instances it either accommodates or challenges people. I have found though that when taking a different frame of attack, listen to more gregarious and chatty people it feels like thorn to person who thinks more of what is being said.Acquiring of informationIt seems that the first thing that captures my head is what is at manus and occurrence now, I ever want to see than to hear about it. At work when there is clocking failure of a merchandise I believe in imitating it and see it go oning to acquire a better apprehension of the cause. I appear to be really much comfortable with the existent and practical state of affairs or job because I get the exhilaration to prosecute in it. I hold an sentiment that everything has a point of truth which could be found if much energy is devoted in it. When working with machines I believe in preciseness that if a machine can bring forth one good unit is possible to be accurate systematically. I hold the same position with people that they can execute to a changeless and accurate degree given that they working with a good calculate rate. This goes for the same with behavoiurs that a good and disciplined behavior is possible for all persons. When required to train members for hapless public presentation and incompatibility, I refer to the experience where good was achieved. I have besides found that when listening to grudges in my section, I tend to tend to a fact like when people are stating they working in bad conditions. I would press them to be factual and individual out a status under which they would non hold taken the occupation if they knew it prior and a status under which they believe that the occupation is non worthy any more. This I have found that it eliminates impossible demands and makes everybody to believe existent even with future possibilities. To me it becomes mind bogging to make a hereafter someplace and still be able to change it even before is being realized. I do believe nevertheless in advanced state of affairss chiefly where the present is discontinued, altered or adapted. In one state of affairs I had to brief my squad about a new maestro production planning theoretical account concentrating on three month period where merely care and one-year leave were considered for proviso for doomed of production. This sparked a immense dissatisfaction from the store stewards about the non-consideration of ill leave and other un-avoidable absences including possible work stoppages and deceases. For me it ne'er came to be a factor because in world there was no 1 who was ill, there was no 1 who was on work stoppage and there was no dead cadaver in the meeting. However in believing it loosely there could be one sick, there could be a work stoppage and there could be somebody dead in the hereafter universe even within the three month period. The larning penchant of other people in the state of affairs forced me to reframe the state of affairs by inquiring the work force to determine the planning theoretical account from the position of our rivals. The theoretical account from the angle of the labor force showed for more willingness to better productiveness by: Acknowledging operators who keep a clean attending record for the three months Train and buttocks operators on repairing minor dislocations on the machine and pay those who pass the asDecision devising penchantWhen required to do a determination I tend to follow the nonsubjective logic position with analysis of the cause and consequence of both the job at manus and the solution that is sought. This I have found to be really much inclusive because it looks further than where the rock falls. I prefer to do determination based on what leading aspires to i.e. justness and consistent rule. I am of the position that consistent rule is good for pull offing a section construction than puting case in points continuously because it is easy to keep policies by using organisation rule than using case in points. To me repute is build by consistence where there is an unfastened door policy for exceeding fortunes than exceeding people. By definition exceeding circumstance to me are all fortunes beyond a human control where the abilities of a responsible individual fail or disabled in such that they can non move in a manner a sensible individual would move. I believe that reasonability is governed by acceptable Torahs, criterions and justifiable Acts of the Apostless. When keeping safety meetings in my section I would ever show the policy of zero tolerance to insecure patterns. What I have found is that though everybody is capable of following the safety patterns and cognize the effects of insecure patterns, people would nevertheless still dispute the policy of zero tolerance. It appears that other people are of the position that the circumstance and virtue of the actions of an person are of import. I ever persuade people to look at safety demand from a position of a household who have lost a bread-winner through a deficiency of safety policy and subject by the company. Largely when their relation died through carelessness by another employee but the company condones it by maintaining that employee in its employ. Asking them to conceive of how the policy would look like if that household was asked to compose the safety policy of this company. With that frame of head everybody tends to hold with me that the best manner of maintaining zero tolerance is to follow military manner of subject to everyone who disregards safety patterns.Preferable life styleIt appears that self-generated and flexible working manner entreaties much to me because I take things instantly as they come and in most cases I leave them opened. I like the tentative approached where a infinite to maneuver is large plenty for me to follow things and to accommodate to things. This has helped me to ever look for some thing new on the manner and would in most instances discover new constructs and new people that can be developed. In my section I ever encourage people to flux in things before doing serious picks because I believe that experience is an unfastened ended teacher. My position is that if have learned and experienced many things you probably to win with easy even in really hostile state of affairss. I seems to be challenged by a state of affairs where I am bound by structural dogmas and modus operandi, which need to be adhered to as checklist of activities however I do believe in broad range of cheques and balances to guarantee that ends are achieved.Section BLearning and development program for my sectionAfter deriving apprehension of ego and others larning penchant I am required to use my acquisition by planing a acquisition and development program for my section. The program is based onExpectationsThe nucleus of leading map is to develop way and aim for all activities required to make a coveted fate. The fate must be good defined from the oncoming and as the leader I am required to use the accomplishments of interpersonal acquisition in placing and tackling all the available and different energies in the section. A leader is good advised to hold the position of the fate at all times to be able to move above opportunism. A leader must walk the journey to the fate through planning, taking, forming and commanding. Once at the fate and holding tasted the goodness of the fate it would look easy for the leader to work convincingly and indefatigably to acquire everyone on board to work towards the fate. This can trip the passion of drawing and developing the people a leader is working with. A leader must be really much generous with cognition and ever want to portion with the people. Leaderships who spend clip with their people tend to develop good wonts of larning from each character under their leading. This normally makes the leader to be a really strong and able to take with freedom of understanding his people. It appears that of such great incarnation the construction gets formed and strengthens since all the people occupy places where they fits. This leads us to the following degree where acquisition is critical i.e. the construction.Learning the constructionThe first acquisition needed is the acquisition of the construction and how it functions to present the needed consequences. In most instances a construction can be cumbersome particularly when used as a commanding and a superior tool of people nevertheless if good understood it is the right tool to accomplish a intent and making fates. It is of import to avoid the pattern of utilizing the section construction as hierarchy of ranks in order to enable self look in full of all members in the section. Learning takes topographic point easy where people relates structurally because the construction gives a good counsel of what must be learned and how the work is inter-linked between people. This seems to be helpful in presenting the different functions each person in the section plays. Since larning will affect larning penchants of ego and others, it is hence advisable to associate to one another with the outlooks of different characters that fit the different functions Sharing is about playing a prima function and pass oning with others in the section. As leader will be required to run into and portion with the people in the section and such meeting must help in steering the section to run into its outlooks. My function as leader in the meeting will be to portion valuable information of the concern, schemes and demands. Progress study and update meetings where different functions take part in presenting and sharing their studies in their several capacities. This meeting could be a critical tool for a leader to pull larning curves and experience from the from the section members. This could besides assist to maintain all members posted about developments in the organisation and learn from one another within the section As leader I must be careful of non going a commanding officer in head by strong-arming squad members but to enable all stakeholders play their meaningful functions in the meetings. It looks likes when people follow on free will they work hard than people who are coerced in following the way of the leading. The chief occupation of a leader in meeting is to steer, inform, warn and urge members to draw together. A function is ever associated with a individual or people, and so when playing my function as leader it would supply a manner of larning about the acquisition penchants of the other people in the section. Another country of acquisition is larning the best manner of pass oning to the members in the squad Depending on the acquisition preferences most people respond otherwise in one signifier of communicating and hence as leader will necessitate to larn a diverse signifier of communicating. Another point to bear in head is that information can be really much unsafe to other people depending how it is communicated. A leader must guarantee understand people good in the section as others are unable to manage sensitive information therefore a great attention and diligence is required when communication.HarmonyHarmony emanates from credence of other people with their penchants and character which when achieved it enables the squad to work like a well oiled machine. It is a good known fact that the people we know and meet with everyday now were one time aliens when we met them for the first clip. Meeting people for the first clip generates perceptual experiences that can either be cemented or alteration at ulterior phases when a individual is good known or understood. Percepts are believed to be developed from our old acquisition and experiences and they usually form the first feeling of our new experiences. Arguably in general life most people attest to the fact that perceptual experience and feeling about other people tend to alter or confirmed at after disbursement clip and larning a batch about them. It is really much of import to command perceptual experience and feelings because though they are non enemies of harmoniousness but they can develop the worst enemy of harmoniousness which is stereotype. Stereotypic thought will ensue to the malfunctioning of the squad because the people keeping such a position will be a job in working with others Harnessing the alone and different energies becomes hard if the leader or other members hold a stereotyped position towards others. This is where interpersonal acquisition get downing from the leader becomes critical to spread this clip bomb of stereotype in organisation. I believe that the best manner of get the better ofing stereotype in the section is to use oneself more on reframing state of affairs because it ever gives you the position of the intent of your being. Stereotype appears to be encouraged by a comfort zone, success of the yesteryear, personal beliefs and conservative thoughts of the good yesteryear. To me it all appears to be a complacence and failure to research oneself, others and the environment more. To get the better of stereotype and comfort zone leaders need to be ever advanced and be ready to venture out of their conform thoughts. Success should be used to dispute one ego and others to continuously excite the competitory thoughts of taking the organisation farther. One of the greatest tools in disputing stereotype is utilizing success as a acquisition where the behavoiurs and larning thoughts of successful people is studied, challenged or adopted. When stereotype is overcome the squad can be able to play to strength by using all the energies and tackle them to the strength of the section. Great coherency will enable all squad members to enthusiastically lend positively to the success of the concern. This will amount to ownership and pride from squad members.Acknowledgment, Reflection and struggle directionPeoples like recognition and experience ignored if feed dorsum is non given after they have done something. Acknowledgement and feed back promote more acquisition and place spreads needed to be closed in acquisition. It helps people to reflect on what they have done and look for more room of betterment. It will be of import besides to let people to give provender back on leading to assist stretching the leader in suiting all the different acquisition penchants in the squad. A leader who is good capacitated in different countries of acquisition will be able to manage and pull off struggle in the squad without destructing the spirit of the squad but by capturing all the differences into a unit.DecisionGreat leading is the art that stems from the roots of acquisition and understanding ego consciousness. Great leaders have learned about themselves, about others and about their environment.

Kin Words

Kin Words Kin Words Kin Words By Maeve Maddox The other night a local television anchorman, not noted for a large or literary vocabulary, surprised me with the following: I feel such a kinsmanship with these survivors. The anchor’s sentiment was kind, but kinsmanship is out of place in modern English. Kinsmanship has an entry in the OED, and Emily Dickinson (1830- 1886) used it. It shows up on the Ngram Viewer, but at a minuscule percentage compared to the far more common kinship. And Word’s spellchecker underlines it in red. It’s safe to say that kinsmanship has been replaced by kinship as the modern English word to describe a sense of fellow feeling. A kinsman is â€Å"a blood relation,† but the word is not common in ordinary speech. It has a literary feel, as in the title Two Noble Kinsmen. Both kinsman and kinship derive from the same Old English noun: cynn, a word with several meanings, one of which is â€Å"people related by blood.† From the same word we also get kind in the sense of class or group. Kinship is what one feels for people with whom we identify in some way, people who are of the same kind as we. Here are some recent uses of kinship on the Web: Quecreek  survivor feels kinship  with Chile miners.   When two  firefighters  meet for the first time, they will  feel  a  kinship  with each  other that transcends many other examples of mutual hobbies or interests. Why do so many feel a connection - be it kinship or competition - with utter strangers just because they share a name? Kids who’ve lost limbs find kinship at Camp No Limits on Lake  Coeur  d’Alene The nouns kin and kinfolk refer to people related by blood ties: I had, it seemed to me, hundreds of kin- aunts, uncles, cousins, second cousins- near the small town of Oak Hill, Ohio. By adolescence, â€Å"what to do with Eleanor† began to concern her Roosevelt kin. Arab immigrants are bound to each other by strong  family  ties, and most want to live and work  close  to  kin.   While Arthur was serving in the New York militia during the conflict, his wife privately sympathized with the Confederacy, for which many of her Virginia kinfolk were fighting. A qualitative approach was used to look into the experiences of male caregivers in offering to look after kinfolk with harsh psychological sickness. The expression â€Å"next of kin† means â€Å"the closest living relative† and is often used in a legal context: Historically, the next of kin have exercised proprietary rights in the control of dead bodies. If the person is under 18, the parent, legal guardian, custodian or next of kin may have authority to apply on the person’s behalf. Police are withholding the name of the deceased, pending notification of next of kin. Finally, the idiom kith and kin means friends and family. The noun kith is related to the archaic adjective couth, known or familiar. Kith are people one is acquainted with. Here are examples of this idiom: People helped each other and expected help in  return. This included soldiers who assumed  kith and kin  would help the wives and children they left behind. As the album title suggests, Selways songs are laced with references to his  kith and kin. I had  neither kith nor kin  in England, and was therefore as free as air.   â€Å"Mind you,† said the  old man, â€Å"even if I make good on this reef, Ive  neither kith nor kin to leave my money to.   Note: Kin is frequently used alone, but kith seems always to be linked to kin Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Regarding Re:25 Russian Words Used in English (and 25 More That Should Be)Sentence Adverbs

The Queen Annes Revenge - Blackbeards Pirate Ship

The Queen Anne's Revenge - Blackbeard's Pirate Ship The Queen Annes Revenge was a massive pirate ship commanded by Edward Blackbeard Teach in 1717-18. Originally a French slaving vessel that Blackbeard captured and modified, it was one of the most formidable pirate ships ever, carrying 40 cannons and enough room for plenty of men and loot. The Queen Annes Revenge was capable of fighting off nearly any Navy warship afloat at the time. It sank in 1718, and many believe that Blackbeard scuttled it on purpose. The wreck has been found and has turned up a treasure trove of pirate artifacts. From Concorde to Queen Annes Revenge On November 17, 1717, Blackbeard captured La Concorde, a French slaving vessel. He realized that it would make a perfect pirate ship. It was large yet fast and big enough to mount 40 cannons on board. He renamed it Queen Annes Revenge: the name referred to Anne, Queen of England and Scotland (1665-1714). Many pirates, including Blackbeard, were Jacobites: this meant that they favored the return of the throne of Great Britain from the House of Hanover to the House of Stuart. It had changed hands after Annes death. The Ultimate Pirate Ship Blackbeard preferred to intimidate his victims into surrendering, as fights were costly. For several months in 1717-18, Blackbeard used the Queen Annes Revenge to effectively terrorize shipping in the Atlantic. Between the massive frigate and his own fearsome appearance and reputation, Blackbeards victims rarely put up a fight and handed over their cargoes peacefully.  He plundered the shipping lanes at will. He was even able to blockade the port of Charleston for a week in April of 1718, looting several ships. The town gave him a valuable chest full of medicines to make him go away. The Queen Annes Revenge Sinks In June of 1718, the Queen Annes Revenge hit a sandbar off of North Carolina and had to be abandoned. Blackbeard took the opportunity to make off with all of the loot and a select few of his favorite pirates, leaving the others (including hapless pirate Stede Bonnet) to fend for themselves. Because Blackbeard went legit (sort of) for a little while after that, many thought he scuttled his flagship on purpose. Within a few months, Blackbeard would return to piracy and on November 22, 1718, he was killed by pirate hunters in a pitched battle off of North Carolina. The Wreck of the Queen Anne’s Revenge In 1996, a shipwreck believed to be that of the Queen Annes Revenge was discovered off of North Carolina. For 15 years it was excavated and studied, and in 2011 it was confirmed to be Blackbeards ship. The shipwreck has yielded many interesting artifacts, including weapons, cannons, medical gear and a massive anchor. Juha Flinkman, SubZone OY / CC BY-SA 4.0 / Wikimedia Commons Many of the artifacts are on display at North Carolinas Maritime museum and can be viewed by the public. The opening of the exhibit drew record crowds, a testament to Blackbeards lasting reputation and popularity. Sources Cordingly, David. Under the Black Flag New York: Random House Trade Paperbacks, 1996Defoe, Daniel (Captain Charles Johnson). A General History of the Pyrates. Edited by Manuel Schonhorn. Mineola: Dover Publications, 1972/1999.Konstam, Angus. The World Atlas of Pirates. Guilford: the Lyons Press, 2009Konstam, Angus. The Pirate Ship 1660-1730. New York: Osprey, 2003.

Innovation & Change Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Innovation & Change - Case Study Example s that bring about a positive change to various aspects of the company such as its production levels, economic stability as well as growth in the particular market it is situated in (Davila, Epstein & Shelton, 2006). The activities that take place when trying to achieve these changes can be seen as the product of innovation by the company. It is especially essential for individuals dealing with innovation to realize the various methods and approaches that can be taken when dealing their implementation and management. The identification of these approaches allows a manger to select the most appropriate approach for their company and as a result enhance the chances of success a company has at attaining their objectives. The relationship between innovation and change comes into play as a result of the effects that a particular action may have on a company (Fichter, 2009). It also brings about the question of how important a role innovation plays in the growth of a company and whether this growth can be achieved minus the involvement of innovative approaches applied by the mangers. In order to fully answer these questions, one has to look at a particular company and the innovative implementations involved when looking to promote a positive impact on the organization (Heyne, Boettke & Prychitko, 2010). An industry that can be used to further expound on this concept is the vehicle industry with a leading company such as Toyota being the topic of the study to determine the role that innovation plays in the growth of a company. It should be noted that despite the fact that innovation is an important element in itself, the management of these innovations determines the success that an individual is able to enjoy in the resulting outcome. There are various ways that innovation can be considered important in regards to the development and growth of a company. The key aspect that plays a role in this essentialness is the point that an organization cannot remain stagnant in

Fibre Reinforced Plastics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Fibre Reinforced Plastics - Essay Example These set of additions impart a new identity to the composite in terms of heat resistance, strength and stiffness. Individually the mechanical properties of these additives might not be of an appreciable value but on combining to form a composite matrix these properties are magnified. The ultimate mechanical property of the composite of course depends upon the manner in which these fibres are arranged in the matrix and the manufacturing method followed in producing the composite. Both these applications; Aerospace and Formula-1 deal with mechanisms to reduce the weight of the body and increase the aerodynamic profile of the surface. These functions would ultimately define the fuel efficiency and the speed of the aircraft or the Formula-1 car. (Cripps David, 2000) Research currently being undertaken seeks to refine the existing manufacturing processes to reduce the weight of the composite further but at the same time maintaining structural integrity. Advantages of using FRP 1. This of fers a wide range of corrosion resistance over acids, chlorides and other oxidizers. 2. Since its offer no galvanic potential it negates the requirement of sacrificial anodes for cathodic protection. (The composite advantage, 2004) 3. The strength to weight ratio is quite large. 4. It can operate over a wide range of temperatures; from low temperature cryogenic temperature applications to high temperatures in the range of 350 to 400? F. (The composite advantage, 2004) 5. It provides safe working environment as it is fire resistant. 6. The inherent nature of the material and the adaptability of the manufacturing process make it suitable for creating large complex shapes in situ. 7. Both the installation costs and maintenance costs are lower. (The composite advantage, 2004) The Manufacturing Process There are number of manufacturing processes that are used in producing Fibre Reinforced Plastics. These include the 1. Hand Lay-Up process 2. Spray Lay-Up process 3. Vacuum Bagging 4. Fila ment Winding 5. Pultrusion However the manufacturing process that is usually used in the manufacturing of components and structural parts of aircrafts and F1 racing cars include the following (Cripps David, 2000) 1. Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) 2. Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Moulding (VARTM) 3. Prepegs 4. Resin Film Infusion. (RFI) 1. Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM) - This is a closed moulding process done under low pressure. The volume of composite produced is somewhere between that generated in a contact moulding process and that of a compression moulding process. The strands of reinforcement that is completely dried out are neatly arranged in the lower part of the mould. Glass reinforcements of various shapes can also be used along with the fiber matrix to ensure that complex mould shapes can be generated. Source: Cripps David, 2000, Reinforced Transfer Moulding The mating part or the upper portion of the mould is then closed onto the bottom half of the bold leaving a cavity whi ch eventually takes the shape of the structure this process is trying to manufacture. The thermosetting resin is then injected into this cavity space. It is necessary to ensure that sufficient amount of this resin is used to avoid the formation of voids, cavities or edge imperfections caused due to low quantity of resin. (Rice Brian and Lee William, n.d ) To assist in this filling process and guarantee that all areas of this cavity are filled, vacuum can be used which draws the resin to all parts of the cavity and ensures a perfect fill. This process is also known as the Vacuum Assisted R

Registered Nurses Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Registered Nurses - Research Paper Example More than 60 percent of their jobs are in hospital set-ups. Their scope of work depends from country to country and state to state and is guided by various Nurse Practice Acts. The 3 most important paths of education to becoming registered nurses are, In this essay, the role and scope of practice of diploma from any approved nursing programs, associate degree and bachelors degree. following these degrees, the job opportunities for registered nurses is excellent, but is dependent on the nature of employment setting and geographic setting (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2010). The main role of registered nurses in any work setting regardless of the speciality they are employed in is to "treat patients, educate patients and the public about various medical conditions, and provide advice and emotional support to patients family members† (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2010). The registered nurses record the medical histories and clinical presentation of the patients, help in the performance of diagnostic tests as advised by the physicians, analyze the results of the diagnostic tests, operate medical and surgical machinery, administer various medications to the patients as instructed by physicians and help the patient with follow-up and rehabilitation. The registered nurses have a very important role to play in the education of the patients, their family members and public. They educate about the management of injuries and illnesses, explain about various home-are needs in the post-treatment phase, advise about, nutrition, diet and exercise and provide in formation on self-medication and physiotherapy (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2010). In some conditions, the registered nurses also work in collaboration with other health professionals to educate the public about various warning sings and symptoms of particular disease, like, for example, swine flu. In the process of caring for patients, registered nurses contribute to

Atomic Short Range Order (SRO) in Ni20Pd80 Alloy

Atomic Short Range Order (SRO) in Ni20Pd80 Alloy An Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Atomic Short Range Order (SRO) in Ni20Pd80 Alloy Abstract The behavior of atomic short range order (SRO) has been investigated in a polycrystalline alloy of Ni20Pd80 at different temperatures by using diffuse X-ray scattering intensities. The ordering energies and the atomic SRO-parameters (ÃŽ ±1) have been calculated by using the electronic theory of ordering in the pseudopotential approximation and compare with the experimental results. The intensity distribution pattern of Ni20Pd80 obtained through XRD depicts a deviation from random structure at all annealing temperatures. We make an analysis using the prior obtain X-ray intensities of Ni20Pd80 and calculate the atomic short range order-function (SROF) g(r) as a function of annealing temperatures. Some of the values of ÃŽ ±1 calculated by using SROF and appears as negative, indicating the existence of SRO in Ni20Pd80 alloy. We have obtained the parameter for second and third nearest neighbors, which turns out to be positive. Electronic theory of alloys in the pseudopotential approximati on was employed to calculate the ordering energies and the values of ÃŽ ±1. It was found that this theory predicts the same sign of ÃŽ ±1 for selected alloy as observed from the experiments. The results can be further improved by considering the order of perturbation and the atomic size effect for the studied alloy. Keywords: Ni20Pd80 alloy; short range order (SRO); X-ray diffraction (XRD); transition metal model pseudopotential (TMMP); short range order-function (SROF); SRO-parameter (ÃŽ ±1) 1. Introduction X-ray scattering intensity measurement of alloys reveals in the information about degree of atomic SRO and has been immensely used by many authors to establish the presence of ordering in various binary and multi-component alloys [1]. The presence of the atomic SRO in the disordered solid solutions influences the physical properties of the alloys significantly and a recent study of the electronic theory of alloys based on the pseudo-potential approximation has appeared successfully to predict the ordering in transition metal alloys [2-4]. Lin et al. have shown the formation of clusters in the samples with Pd concentration of 25-75 at.% [5]. Our study shows that beyond 75 at.% Pd, Ni-Pd alloy has a tendency to form SRO. In this paper, we have carried out the calculation of temperatures in binary Ni20Pd80 alloy by combining the method of pseudopotential approximation. Therefore, it encourages investigating the atomic SRO in the Ni20Pd80 alloy. Not only, we establish SRO in Ni20Pd80 and also compare the theoretical results with the experiment. 2. Experimental Technique For experimental work XRD technique was employed. The round-shaped master ingot (~10 g) of polycrystalline Ni20Pd80 alloy was gratefully supplied by Degussa (Germany). These pellets were cut into two halves, surface-ground and polished to produce a mirror surface suitable for XRD study. Chemical analysis carried out by electron probe micro-analyzer gave nearly the starting compositions. Ni20Pd80 alloy was annealed at each given temperature for 5 hrs in a vacuum better than 10-5 mbar and quenched. The X-ray experiments were performed on a Shimadzu XD-5A diffractometer in the reflection mode, using line-focused Cu-KÃŽ ± radiation. The intensity measurements were carried out in the angle range 40à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ °Ã‚ °Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  with a step of 0.2 and all measurements were made in the fixed time mode with counting time of 100 sec per angle. All of the measurements were made at room temperature of 25 ±0.5 °C respectively. 3. Theoretical Calculations The electronic theory of alloys gives the following expression for the ordering energy of binary AB alloy [10] as below: Where, is the average atomic volume of the alloy and Ri is the radius of ith coordination sphere in the particular crystal structure. The factor FAB(q) represents the energy-wave number characteristics of the alloy [10]. The electronic theory of alloys in 2nd order perturbation theory gives the ordering energy of a binary alloy corresponding to the ith coordination sphere is given by [6]. Where, = à ¯Ã‚ -/N is the volume per atom, N is the number of atoms in the crystal of volume à ¯Ã‚ -, is the difference of the unscreened pseudopotential form factors of the alloy constituents [7], and are the dielectric and modified screening factors which include the effect of exchange and correlation [8] and ÃŽ · is the Ewald’s parameter. FAB(q) is the energy wavenumber characteristic which is the local pseudopotential approximation may be expressed as [10]: The first term in Eq. (2) gives the contribution of the band structure and this second term is of the electro static energy. In 3rd order perturbation theory, the ordering energy is given by [9, 10]: Here, The term T(q) is the effective pair corrections to the ordering potential. This correction arises in the 3rd order perturbation theory due to double scattering process of conduction electrons from the ion pairs. The term responsible for the effects connected with the presence of three body interaction are not taken into consideration. In disordered binary solid solutions, if two different atoms A and B have size difference they exhibit static displacements from exact lattice positions. For close neighbors, there can be three different distances depending on whether it is an AA-, BB- or AB-pairs. In case of two atoms, that is no close neighbor and the variation in distance results from the variations in the composition of the region between them. The variation in close neighbor distances attributes to the kind of atoms making up the pair [10]. The ordering potential is modified by incorporating the atomic size effect and is given by: E(R1) =A(R1)−B(R1) Where, A(R1) and B(R1) are the first nearest neighbor distances of A- and B-atom. Here, the factor B(R1) is given by: And B(R1) =B1Aà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  1A+B1Bà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  1B Here, The expression for B1B can be written in a similar manner. Where, And Where, Here, , Clapp-Moss relation was used to determine the value of SRO-parameter. The values of ÃŽ ±1 were determined from the ordering energy by using the Clapp-Moss expression [11]: Where kB is the Boltzmann constant. In this work, we have also investigated the effect of the exchange and correlation factors on the ordering energies. The expressions to account for the exchange and correlation correction effect f(q) proposed by Kleinmen [12], Singwi [13], Hubbard-Sham [14], SLTS [13] and Lindhard [15] are given below: Kleinman: Singwi: A=0.8894 B=0.3401 Hubbard-Sham: SLTS: Lindhard: f (q) =0 4. Results and Discussion Fig. 1 shows the XRD pattern recorded at room temperature obtained for the annealed sample of Ni20Pd80 at various temperatures. The splitting of high angle Bragg reflection for CuKÃŽ ±1 and Cu-KÃŽ ±2 radiations demonstrates the quality of the sample. The patterns were indexed following the procedure mentioned in Ref. 16. Since, all the fundamental reflections (hkl all even or all odd) were present; the patterns were therefore indexed as Face Centered Cubic (FCC). The sample was single phase and has FCC of A1-type structure with lattice parameter a=0.382 nm [17]. The lattice parameters were calculated from XRD patterns taken after annealing the Ni20Pd80 alloy at various annealing temperature by the extrapolation of the Nelson-Riley function and their values are plotted in Fig. 2. It can be clearly seen that the value of lattice parameter ‘a’ increases linearly with temperature. The reason for this increase in ‘a’ is the thermal expansion in lattice due to increase of temperature. Fig. 3 shows the plot of SRO-function g(r) corresponding to temperatures i.e., 100, 300 and 600  °C. The SRO-function g(r) was determined from the measured intensities using the following relation [18]: Where, r is the radial distance, and Q is the reciprocal lattice vector Where, Ieu(SRO) is the observed intensity free from parasitic contributions and is measured in electron units. The procedures for the removal of parasitic contributions and the method to convert the measured intensities into electron units are outlined in Ref. 19. The radii of the coordination spheres were calculated from the lattice parameters determined from the XRD pattern. The function g(r) was determined from the intensities measured for each annealing temperature. It is clear from Fig. 3 that the variations in the g(r) with respect to temperature are subjected to the changes in SRO inside an alloy. The first peak in the plot of g(r) is not relevant to the structure but comes from the modification function used in the calculation in order to take into account the infinite limit of the integral in the expression of g(r). This feature is more prominent in the curve corresponding to 100  °C as compared to the other two curves. The SRO-parameters were determined from the data shown in Fig. 1 using the following expression [18]: Where ci is the coordination number and ÃŽ ±i is the radius and ÃŽ ±1 for the ith coordination sphere. There values are listed in Table 1 for the first, second and third nearest neighboring spheres. The value of ÃŽ ±1 was observed to be negative for all annealing temperatures. The variations in its value are due to the variation in the degree of SRO taking place with a change of temperature. The values of ÃŽ ±2 and ÃŽ ±3 were found to be positive for all investigated temperatures which indicate the formation of clusters in the second and third nearest neighboring spheres. The parameters of TMMP [7] and the lattice parameters determined using the Vegard’s rule was used as input for these calculations. The results of these calculations are listed in Table 2. It is seen that the values of ÃŽ ±1 is negative corresponding to different exchange and correlation factors. The values of ÃŽ ±1 were found to be negative from the XRD experiments too. It is therefore concluded that the electronic theory of alloys (2nd order perturbation) yields a good agreement between the experiment and theory as far as sign of the ÃŽ ±1 is concerned. The values of ÃŽ ±1 calculated employing the 3rd order perturbation correction and by taking into account the difference in atomic size of Ni20Pd80 are also given in Table 2. The difference in the magnitude of experimental and theoretical values may be attributed to the following reasons, (i) these calculations apply only to the ground state 100  °C where as the experiments have been done at higher temperatures. (ii) The val ues of lattice parameters used in these calculations were calculated from Vegard’s rule. 5. Conclusions XRD experiments were performed on the Ni20Pd80 alloy to study SRO. In order to compare the experimental results with the theory, calculation of ordering energies was undertaken using the electronic theory of alloys in the pseudo-potential approximation. The analysis of the experimental data yields information regarding the SRO. The structure of the alloy is FCC over a temperature range of 100-600  °C. The lattice parameter of the alloy increases with temperature as expected by theory. The experimental values of ÃŽ ±1 were found to be negative at all investigated temperatures, which indicates formation of SRO in this alloy. The experimental values of à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¡2 and à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¡3 were found to be positive, which indicates formation of clusters in the second and third neighboring spheres, if order of perturbation and size-effect is taken into account in these calculations. Acknowledgements The author S. K. Ajmal would like to thank and are acknowledged for their helpful discussions. References [1] V.I. Iveronova, A.A. Katsnelson, Short Range Order in Metallic Solid Solutions (in Russian), Moscow University Press, (1977). [2] W. Pfeiler, Acta Metall. 36 (1988) 2417. [3] T. Abbas, R.M.A. Khalil, A.M. Rana, Mahtabullah, Mod. Phys. Lett. B 20 (2006) 2425. [4] S. Akhtar, A.B. Ziya, T. Abbas, Physica B 404 (2009) 2241-2243. [5] W. Lin, J.E. Spruiell, Acta Metall. 19 (1971) 451. [6] F.A. Khawaja, A.A. Katsnelson, V.M. Silonov, Phys. Stat. Sol. 88 (1978) 477. [7] A.O.E. Animalu, Phys. Rev. B 8 (1973) 3542-3554. [8] P.A. Rossiter, The Electrical Resistivity of Metals and Alloys, University Press, Cambridge, (1987). [9] F.A. Khawaja, A.A. Katsnelson, V.M. Silonov, M.M. Khrushchov, Phys. Stat. Sol. 82 (1977) 701. [10] A.A. Katsnelson, V.M. Silonov, F.A. Khawaja, Phys. Stat. Sol. 91 (1979) 11. [11] P.C. Clapp, S.C. Moss, Phys. Rev. 171 (1968) 754. [12] L. Kleinman, Phys. Rev. 160 (1967). [13] K.S. Singwi, M.P. Tosi, A. Sjolander, R.H. Land, Phys. Rev. 176 (1968) 589. [14] J. Hubbard, L.J. Sham, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), A240 (1957) 359. [15] Lindhard, D. Langreth, Phys. Rev. 181 (1969) 753. [16] B.D. Cullity, Elements of X-ray Diffraction, Addison Wesley, Philippines (1978). [17] S. Ahmad, A.B. Ziya, A. Aziz, Z. I. Zafar, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 25 (2009) 208-210. [18] B.E. Warren, X-ray Diffraction, Dover, New York, (1990). [19] T. Abbas, A.B. Ziya, J. Mat. Sc. 28 (1993) 5010. Figure captions Fig. 1 XRD pattern of Ni20Pd80 alloy taken at 100-600  °C after annealing temperature. Fig. 2 Temperature dependence of lattice parameter a(Ç º) of Ni20Pd80 alloy determined from the Nilson-Riley function. Fig. 3 Temperature dependence of atomic short range order function g(r). Table captions Table 1: The SRO-parameters for various shells of atoms obtained from experimental diffuse scattering intensities of X-rays for Ni20Pd80 alloy. Table 2: The ordering energies for Ni20Pd80 alloy calculated using the electronic theory of alloy in the pseudo-potential approximation. Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Table 1 Table 2

Macbeth as the Aristotelian Tragic Hero Essay -- Macbeth essays

Macbeth as the Aristotelian Tragic Hero The first criterion that a tragic hero must comply to is that they must be above average. They must be Khrestos. Macbeth is khrestos. He is described as "valour's minion" 1-2 19. Valour's minion means bravery's favourite. Also he is spoken of as "brave" and "Bellona's bridegroom". Bellona was the goddess of war. Duncan, the king, describes Macbeth as "noble". And also uses a familiar term for Macbeth, as if he is in the kings family. "o' valiant cousin, worthy gentleman". These quotations from Duncan carry more weight as they are from the highest nobility, the monarch himself. These quotes evidence that Macbeth is khrestos. Everyone thinks highly of him and he is already Thane of Glamis, then he becomes Thane of Cawdor. The Thane of Cawdor is executed for being a traitor, so Macbeth inherits the label of a traitor, even though it is not known. Another condition of a tragic hero is that he must have a flaw in his character that will prove fatal to his life or status. This flaw is called Hamartia. Macbeth's hamartia is that he is ambitious. It is obvious that he has thought about being king before the predictions of the three witches. "if chance will have me king, why, chance may crown me without my stir". This quote evidences this fact. The best piece of evidence of Macbeth's hamartia is his line. "I have no spur to prick the sides of my intent, but only vaulting ambition which o'erleaps itself". It is also clear that he is ambitious, when he is at the castle of Duncan and Malcolm is named as the Prince of Cumberland, which is heir to the throne.... ...ies Macduff's son when he is stabbed by an assassin. We also feel fear and pity for Banquo when he is killed whilst on his innocent ride with Fleance. Both scenes before each respective murder are sweet and homely and make the reader feel doubly upset when the characters are murdered. Some people pity Macbeth during his anagnorisis, but not during his peripetiea when his relationship with his wife is falling apart, we tend to pity Lady Macbeth. "how now my lord, why do you keep alone" 3-2 l8. She sounds upset and innocent when we still really know that Lady Macbeth is pure evil and helped to corrupt her husband. I conclude, that I do believe Macbeth is a true tragic hero in the Aristotelian sense. Macbeth fits all the criteria and I do indeed experience catharsis, all the way through the play.